[跟者BBC讀英文]美國軍機載送被遣返的印度人降落旁遮普邦

A US deportation flight carrying about 100 Indian nationals accused of entering the country illegally has landed in the state of Punjab.  

一架載有約100名被指控非法入境美國的印度公民的遣返航班，已經降落在印度旁遮普邦。

The military aircraft, which left Texas late on Tuesday, is now in the city of Amritsar where authorities say they have put measures in place to process the deportees.  

這架軍用飛機於週二晚間從德州起飛，目前已抵達阿姆利則市，當地政府表示已準備好相關措施來處理這批被遣返的人員。

President Donald Trump has made the mass deportation of undocumented foreign nationals a key policy. The US is said to have identified about 18,000 Indian nationals it believes entered illegally.  

前總統川普將大規模遣返無證外籍人士作為重要政策之一。據報導，美國已識別出約18,000名據信非法入境的印度公民。

Trump has said India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi had assured him that the country would "do what's right" in accepting US deportations.  

川普表示，印度總理納倫德拉·莫迪曾向他保證，印度將「做出正確的決定」，接受美國遣返的印度公民。

Authorities in Punjab say they have set up special counters to receive the deportees, adding the individuals would be treated in a "friendly" manner.  

旁遮普邦當局表示，已設立專門的接待櫃檯來處理遣返人員，並強調他們將以「友善」的方式對待這些人。

Journalists have gathered outside police barricades near an Indian Air Force building in Amritsar.  

記者們已聚集在阿姆利則市的印度空軍大樓附近，警方在現場設置了路障。

There are 104 Indian deportees on the flight and they will be processed separately from regular passengers before boarding buses to their home states, including Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat.  

這架航班上共有104名被遣返的印度公民，他們將與一般乘客分開處理，之後搭乘巴士返回各自的家鄉，包括旁遮普邦、哈里亞納邦、昌迪加爾、北方邦和古吉拉特邦。

Trump is increasingly using US military planes to return individuals to their home countries.  

川普政府越來越頻繁地使用美國軍機來遣返外籍人士回國。

However, deportation flights to India are not new. In the US fiscal year 2024, which ended in September, more than 1,000 Indian nationals had been repatriated by charter and commercial flights.  

然而，遣返印度的航班並非新鮮事。在截至2024年9月的美國財政年度內，已有超過1,000名印度公民透過包機與商業航班被遣返回國。

In October, US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) deported more than 100 Indian nationals who lacked legal grounds to stay in the US on a chartered flight, part of a rising trend in removals to India.  

今年10月，美國移民與海關執法局（ICE）透過包機遣返了超過100名無合法居留資格的印度公民，這顯示出遣返印度公民的趨勢正在上升。

That flight carrying adult men and women was also routed to Punjab, close to many deportees' places of origin. No precise breakdown of hometowns was provided.  

該航班載有成年男性與女性，目的地同樣是旁遮普邦，這裡接近許多遣返人士的家鄉。然而，當局並未提供具體的籍貫細節。

Much of the migration from India to US appears to originate from the Sikh-dominated state of Punjab and neighbouring Haryana, which has traditionally seen people migrating overseas. The other source of origin is Gujarat, Modi's home state.  

從印度移民至美國的大多數人來自以錫克教徒為主的旁遮普邦，以及傳統上有大量海外移民的鄰近哈里亞納邦。另一個主要來源地是莫迪的家鄉——古吉拉特邦。

"That has been part of a steady increase in removals from the US of Indian nationals over the past few years, which corresponds with a general increase in encounters that we have seen with Indian nationals in the last few years as well," Royce Bernstein Murray, assistant secretary at the US Department of Homeland Security told a media briefing in October.  

「過去幾年，美國遣返印度公民的數量穩步上升，這與我們在邊境攔截到的印度公民數量增加相吻合，」美國國土安全部助理部長羅伊斯·伯恩斯坦·穆雷在10月的媒體簡報會上表示。

Encounters refer to instances where non-citizens are stopped by US authorities while attempting to cross the country's borders with Mexico or Canada.  

「攔截」指的是非美國公民試圖從墨西哥或加拿大越境進入美國時，被美國當局攔阻的情況。

A total of 5,477 Indians have been deported from the US by ICE between 2018 and 2023, according to official figures. More than 2,300 were deported in 2020, the highest in recent years.  

根據官方數據，2018年至2023年間，美國移民與海關執法局（ICE）共遣返了5,477名印度公民，其中2020年遣返人數超過2,300人，為近年最高紀錄。

The number of undocumented Indian immigrants in the US is disputed.  

美國境內無證印度移民的人數存在爭議。

New data from Pew Research Center estimates 725,000 people as of 2022, making them the third-largest group after Mexico and El Salvador.  

根據皮尤研究中心的最新數據，截至2022年，無證印度移民人數估計為72.5萬人，僅次於墨西哥和薩爾瓦多，排名第三。

In contrast, the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) puts the figure at 375,000, ranking India fifth among origin countries.  

相比之下，移民政策研究所（MPI）估算這一數字為37.5萬人，將印度列為無證移民來源國中的第五名。

"As part of India-US migration and mobility cooperation, both sides are engaged in a process to deter illegal migration, while also creating more avenues for legal migration from India to the US. We are keen to continue this cooperation."  

「作為印美移民與流動性合作的一部分，雙方正共同努力阻止非法移民，同時創造更多合法移民至美國的機會。我們希望持續推動這項合作。」

Last year, under former US President Joe Biden, 271,000 migrants were deported to 192 countries.  

去年，在前美國總統拜登的執政期間，共有27.1萬名移民被遣返回192個國家。

這篇文章中包含許多對 雅思考試（IELTS） 重要的考點，特別是在 閱讀（Reading）、寫作（Writing）、口說（Speaking） 方面有很高的學習價值。以下是詳細的分析：

📖 雅思閱讀（Reading）考點分析

😈學術詞彙（Academic Vocabulary）

1️⃣ Deportation（遣返）

📌 定義：將非法移民或無合法居留資格的人強制送回原籍國。

📌 雅思常見句型：

• Many countries enforce strict deportation policies for undocumented immigrants.
• The deportation process can be challenging for both the government and the individuals involved.

📌 例句：

• The US government has increased the number of deportation flights in recent years.
• Many immigrants fear deportation, as it can separate families and disrupt lives.
• International organizations have criticized the deportation policy for being inhumane.

2️⃣ Repatriation（遣送回國）

📌 定義：將移民、難民或戰俘送回母國，通常帶有合法或強制性質。

📌 雅思常見句型：

• The government is responsible for the repatriation of its citizens stranded abroad.
• Some refugees voluntarily choose repatriation, while others seek asylum in foreign countries.

📌 例句：

• Over 1,000 Indian nationals were repatriated from the US last year.
• During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries organized special flights for the repatriation of citizens stranded overseas.
• The repatriation process requires cooperation between both governments.

3️⃣ Undocumented immigrants（無證移民）

📌 定義：沒有合法居留身份的外國移民，通常指未經許可進入或逾期居留者。

📌 雅思常見句型：

• Many undocumented immigrants face difficulties in accessing healthcare and education.
• Governments struggle to balance national security with the rights of undocumented immigrants.

📌 例句：

• The number of undocumented immigrants in the US is estimated to be around 725,000.
• Many undocumented immigrants live in constant fear of deportation.
• Some politicians support granting legal status to undocumented immigrants who have lived in the country for years.

4️⃣ Border control（邊境管制）

📌 定義：政府對邊境的管理，以防止非法移民、走私或安全威脅。

📌 雅思常見句型：

• Strict border control measures have been implemented to reduce illegal immigration.
• Some countries are investing in technology to strengthen border control.

📌 例句：

• The US has tightened border control to prevent illegal crossings from Mexico.
• Effective border control can help regulate migration while ensuring national security.
• Some experts argue that improving economic conditions in developing countries is a better solution than increasing border control.

5️⃣ Uncooperative countries（不合作國家）

📌 定義：不願接受被遣返公民或不與國際機構合作的國家。

📌 雅思常見句型：

• Some nations have been classified as uncooperative countries by international agencies.
• Diplomatic negotiations are required when dealing with uncooperative countries regarding deportation.

📌 例句：

• ICE has classified India and China as uncooperative countries in deportation matters.
• Some uncooperative countries refuse to issue travel documents for their deported citizens.
• Governments often struggle with the deportation process when dealing with uncooperative countries.

6️⃣ Removal orders（遣返命令）

📌 定義：政府對非法移民或無證移民發出的正式遣返指令。

📌 雅思常見句型：

• The court issued a removal order for the individual who had overstayed their visa.
• Many immigrants appeal their removal orders in an attempt to stay in the country.

📌 例句：

• More than 1.44 million non-citizens in the US have removal orders pending.
• Some immigrants apply for asylum to avoid removal orders.
• Immigration lawyers help clients navigate the legal system to challenge their removal orders.

7️⃣ Migration trend（移民趨勢）

📌 定義：人口從一個國家或地區遷移到另一個地方的模式，可能因經濟、政治、氣候或戰爭等因素影響。

📌 雅思常見句型：

• Recent data suggests a significant shift in migration trends due to economic conditions.
• Globalization has contributed to changing migration trends over the past few decades.

📌 例句：

• In recent years, there has been a steady increase in migration trends from India to the US.
• Economic opportunities play a crucial role in shaping global migration trends.
• Climate change is expected to influence future migration trends significantly.

8️⃣ Asylum seekers（尋求庇護者）

📌 定義：因戰爭、迫害或自然災害而逃離母國，並向另一個國家尋求保護的人。

📌 雅思常見句型：

• Countries must ensure that asylum seekers are treated fairly and with dignity.
• There is an ongoing debate about how to handle the increasing number of asylum seekers.

📌 例句：

• Many asylum seekers from war-torn countries apply for refugee status in Europe.
• Governments face challenges in accommodating the rising number of asylum seekers.
• The process for asylum seekers can take years before they are granted official refugee status.

• A total of 5,477 Indians have been deported from the US by ICE between 2018 and 2023.
• → 被動語態強調「印度公民被遣返」，而不是「誰遣返的」
• More than 1,000 Indian nationals had been repatriated by charter and commercial flights.
• → 強調事件發生，而非誰執行的動作

1. 連接詞與邏輯關係

• Contrast（對比）However, deportation flights to India are not new.（然而，遣返印度的航班並不是新鮮事）
• In contrast, the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) puts the figure at 375,000.（相比之下，移民政策研究所估算人數為 37.5 萬人）
• Cause & Effect（因果關係）Trump has made the mass deportation of undocumented foreign nationals a key policy.（川普將無證外籍人士的大規模遣返作為主要政策）
• Much of the migration from India to the US appears to originate from the Sikh-dominated state of Punjab.（大部分移民來自旁遮普邦，因為這裡長期有移民潮）

📝 雅思寫作（Writing）考點分析

1. 數據表達（Data & Statistics）

• A total of 5,477 Indians have been deported from the US by ICE between 2018 and 2023.
• → 數據在雅思 Task 1（圖表寫作）中很重要，應該學會用準確的數字來支持論點
• More than 2,300 were deported in 2020, the highest in recent years.
• → 比較級（最高紀錄）可用來描述趨勢

1. 學術句型（Formal Sentence Structures）

• 定義性句子Encounters refer to instances where non-citizens are stopped by US authorities while attempting to cross the country's borders with Mexico or Canada.
• → 這類句子適用於雅思 Task 2（議論文），可用來定義某個現象
• 被動句India has been classified as an "uncooperative" country by ICE.
• → 被動語態在學術寫作中很常見，應該熟練使用

1. 論點支持（Supporting Arguments）

• The US is said to have identified about 18,000 Indian nationals it believes entered illegally.
• → 使用 "is said to" 來引述資訊，可以增加文章的客觀性
• Authorities in Punjab say they have set up special counters to receive the deportees, adding the individuals would be treated in a "friendly" manner.
• → 這種陳述方式適合在雅思 Task 2 的議論文中引述政府或機構的觀點

🗣 雅思口說（Speaking）考點分析

1. 討論社會議題（Social Issues）

• 這篇文章涵蓋 移民政策、遣返、非法移民 等社會議題，這些都是雅思口說 Part 3 可能會問到的主題：
• Do you think immigration policies should be stricter?（你認為移民政策應該更嚴格嗎？）
• What are the benefits and drawbacks of deportation policies?（遣返政策的優缺點是什麼？）

1. 個人觀點（Expressing Opinions）

• I believe that immigration policies should be fair but also ensure national security.
• From my perspective, deportation can be necessary, but human rights should be respected.
• On the one hand, illegal immigration poses challenges; on the other hand, some migrants are escaping difficult conditions.
• → 這些表達方式適用於 Part 3 口說考試

1. 描述趨勢（Describing Trends）

• There has been a steady increase in the number of Indian nationals deported over the past few years.
• → 可以用來描述數據變化，例如環境變遷、科技發展等其他話題
• The number of undocumented immigrants has fluctuated over time, depending on the policies in place.
• → 使用"fluctuate"（波動）來描述趨勢變化

這篇文章對雅思考試的 閱讀、寫作、口說 都非常有幫助：

• 閱讀部分 可以學習 學術詞彙、被動語態、邏輯關係
• 寫作部分 提供 數據表達、學術句型、論點支持
• 口說部分 則涉及 社會議題、個人觀點、趨勢描述

如果你正在準備雅思，建議： ✅ 背熟關鍵詞彙（如 deportation, border control, undocumented immigrants）

✅ 練習被動語態（如 "has been deported"）

✅ 模仿句型寫作（如 "There has been a steady increase in..."）

✅ 在口說練習中使用這些議題來回答

這樣不僅能提升雅思考試成績，也能加強英語表達能力！💪📚